服务器是Centos6 64，PHP5.4.23，需要安装php memcached扩展

尝试使用pecl安装：
# yum install libmemcached libmemcached-devel zlib-devel
# yum -y install php-pear
# pecl install memcached

但出现错误：
在包含自 /var/tmp/memcached/php_memcached.h：22 的文件中，从 /var/tmp/memcached/php_memcached.c：47:
/var/tmp/memcached/php_libmemcached_compat.h:5:40: 错误：libmemcached-1.0/memcached.h：没有那个文件或目录

上面明显php_libmemcached_compat.h文件中找不到memcached.h，于是下载文件包，一看究竟：
# wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcached
# mv memcached memcached.tar.gz
# tar zxf memcached.tar.gz
# cd memcached-2.2.0b1/
# vi php_libmemcached_compat.h
17 #ifndef PHP_LIBMEMCACHED_COMPAT
18 #define PHP_LIBMEMCACHED_COMPAT
19
20 /* this is the version(s) we support */
21 #include<libmemcached/memcached.h>

看到上面包含libmemcached/memcached.h，但事实上memcached.h文件位于：
# find /usr -name memcached.h
/usr/include/libmemcached/memcached.h

那么修改上面的路径为正常路径：

17 #ifndef PHP_LIBMEMCACHED_COMPAT
18 #define PHP_LIBMEMCACHED_COMPAT
19
20 /* this is the version(s) we support */
21 #include </usr/include/libmemcached/memcached.h>

保存后，使用phpize来编译：

configure: error: no, sasl.h is not available. Run configure with --disable-memcached-sasl to disable this check
cyrus-sasl-devel

只好加上 --disable-memcached-sasl，重新进行，但依然出现错误：
# ./configure --disable-memcached-sasl
...省略...
In file included from /root/download/memcached-2.2.0b1/php_memcached_private.h:28,
from /root/download/memcached-2.2.0b1/php_memcached.c:26:
/root/download/memcached-2.2.0b1/php_libmemcached_compat.h:53: 错误：expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘php_memcached_instance_st’
...省略...

看来此路不通，只有手动编译libmemcached来尝试了。

下面是手动编译libmemcached和php memcached扩展

1. 先卸载yum安装的libmemcached

# yum remove libmemcached libmemcached-devel

2. 下载源码包

# cd ..
# wget https://launchpad.net/libmemcached/1.0/1.0.17/+download/libmemcached-1.0.17.tar.gz
# tar zxf libmemcached-1.0.17.tar.gz
# cd libmemcached-1.0.17
# ./configure
# make
# make install

成功安装libmemcached。

3. 接下来安装memcached，先查找memcached.h头文件在哪里，需要在php_libmemcached_compat.h设置正确的include路径

# cd ../memcached-2.2.0b1
# find / -name memcached.h
/root/download/libmemcached-1.0.17/libmemcached/memcached.h
/root/download/libmemcached-1.0.17/libmemcached-1.0/struct/memcached.h
/root/download/libmemcached-1.0.17/libmemcached-1.0/memcached.h
/root/download/libmemcached-1.0.17/libtest/memcached.h
/root/download/mysql-5.6.15/plugin/innodb_memcached/daemon_memcached/daemon/memcached.h
/usr/local/include/libmemcached/memcached.h
/usr/local/include/libmemcached-1.0/struct/memcached.h
/usr/local/include/libmemcached-1.0/memcached.h

4. 修改memcached-2.2.0b1下的php_libmemcached_compat.h文件中include路径为正确路径：

17 #ifndef PHP_LIBMEMCACHED_COMPAT
18 #define PHP_LIBMEMCACHED_COMPAT
19
20 /* this is the version(s) we support */
21 #include </usr/local/include/libmemcached/memcached.h>

5. 开始编译安装php memcached扩展：

# phpize
# ./configure
# make
...省略...
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.

# make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/lib64/php/modules/

6. 查看是否已生成了memcached.so：

# ls /usr/lib64/php/modules/
bcmath.so gd.so memcached.so mysql.so phar.so sysvsem.so xcache.so xsl.so
curl.so json.so memcache.so pdo_mysql.so posix.so sysvshm.so xmlreader.so zip.so
dom.so mbstring.so mysqli.so pdo.so sqlite3.so tidy.so xmlrPC.so
fileinfo.so mcrypt.so mysqlnd_memcache.so pdo_sqlite.so sysvmsg.so wddx.so xmlwriter.so